Diethylene glycol (DEG) is a versatile industrial chemical with a wide range of applications due to its properties as a solvent, antifreeze, and humectant (moisture absorber). Here’s a breakdown of its key uses:

Solvents:

DEG’s ability to dissolve a vast array of materials makes it a go-to solvent in many industries. It’s a key ingredient in paints, coatings, inks, and cleaning products. DEG can dissolve materials like nitrocellulose, resins, dyes, oils, and many organic compounds.

Plasticizers:

Diethylene glycol enhances the flexibility of plastics, making it a valuable additive. By incorporating DEG, manufacturers can create less brittle plastics with improved workability, a crucial property for various plastic products.

Dehydrating Agent (Natural Gas Industry):

Diethylene glycol’s hygroscopic nature allows it to absorb moisture from its surroundings. This makes it a valuable tool in the natural gas industry for efficiently removing moisture from natural gas streams. Removing moisture prevents pipeline corrosion and ensures safe and efficient transportation.

Chemical Intermediate:

DEG serves as a building block in the production of numerous chemicals. It’s a key component in the synthesis of unsaturated polyester resins and polyurethanes, both essential materials in various industrial applications.

Other Applications:

• Brake fluids: DEG contributes to the hydraulic efficiency of brake fluids.
• Lubricants: Diethylene glycol’s properties make it suitable for some lubricants.
• Wallpaper strippers: DEG’s solvent power aids in wallpaper removal.
• Artificial fog solutions: Diethylene glycol can be a part of the formulation for stage fog or atmospheric effects.
• Industrial heating/cooking fuels (niche use): In specific settings, Diethylene glycol can be used as a fuel source.

Production Process

Diethylene glycol (DEG) isn’t typically produced as a separate product, but rather as a byproduct during the manufacturing process of its close chemical cousin, mono ethylene glycol (MEG). Here’s a breakdown of the typical production process for DEG:

Ethylene Oxidation:

The process starts with ethylene gas, which undergoes oxidation at high temperatures (around 300°C) in the presence of a silver oxide catalyst. This reaction converts the ethylene into ethylene oxide.

Ethylene Oxide Hydration:

The next step involves reacting the ethylene oxide with water. This hydration process can be achieved in either a liquid or vapor phase. Depending on the reaction conditions, varying amounts of DEG, along with MEG (the target product) and triethylene glycol (TEG) as co-products, are formed.

Separation:

The resulting product mixture from the hydration process is a combination of MEG, DEG, TEG, unreacted water, and other byproducts. A series of distillation columns are employed to separate these components based on their differing boiling points. DEG has a higher boiling point than MEG but a lower boiling point than TEG, allowing for its fractional separation.

SAFETY TIPS of DEG

Diethylene glycol (DEG) is a useful industrial chemical, but it’s also toxic and can cause serious health problems if not handled properly. Here are some crucial safety tips to remember when working with DEG:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

• Wear chemical-resistant gloves: Wear gloves specifically designed for handling Diethylene glycol to prevent skin contact. Nitrile or butyl rubber gloves are generally recommended.
•  Eye protection: Wear safety glasses or a chemical splash goggle to protect your eyes from splashes or mists of DEG.
•  Respiratory protection: If there’s a chance of inhaling DEG vapors or aerosols, wear a respirator with organic vapor cartridges approved for DEG.
•  Clothing: Wear long sleeves and pants made of a chemical-resistant material to minimize skin exposure.

General Handling Practices:

•  Always work in a well-ventilated area: Ensure adequate ventilation to prevent DEG vapor buildup. Fume hoods are ideal for working with DEG.
•  Never eat, drink, or smoke while handling Diethylene glycol: Avoid any actions that could lead to DEG ingestion.
•  Minimize skin contact: Wear appropriate PPE and avoid prolonged or repeated skin contact with DEG.
•  Wash thoroughly after handling: Wash your hands and any exposed skin with soap and water after working with Diethylene glycol.
•  Proper storage: Store Diethylene glycol in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated place in properly labeled and sealed containers. Keep it away from heat sources and incompatible materials.
•  Be aware of the signs and symptoms of Diethylene glycol poisoning: These can include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, kidney failure, and liver failure. Seek medical attention immediately if you experience any of these symptoms.

Packing

Diethylene glycol packaging varies based on quantity, transport mode, and grade. Here’s a concise rundown:

Small quantities:

Jerrycans (up to 25L) or plastic drums (up to 200L) made of HDPE plastic are common.

Larger quantities:

IBC tanks (200L to 1000L) of metal or composite materials, or tanker trucks (bulk transport) are used.

Key points:

•  Material compatibility with Diethylene glycol is crucial (e.g., HDPE plastic, stainless steel).
•  Inner liners might be used for high-purity grades.
•  Clear labeling with product info and safety pictograms is mandatory.

TECHNICAL DATA SHEET OF DIETHYLENE GLYCOL (DEG)

TEST	TEST METHOD	UNIT	VALUE
PURITY	ASTM E -202	WT.%	99.8 MIN.
MONOETHYLENE GLYCOL	ASTM E – 202	WT.%	0.05 MAX.
TRIETHYLENNE GLYCOL	ASTM E – 202	WT.%	0.05 MAX.
WATER CONTENT	ASTM E – 202	WT.%	0.05 MAX.
ACIDITY AS ACETIC ACID	ASTM D – 1613	PPM	50 MAX.
ASH CONTENT	DC – 254/A	PPM	50 MAX.
SPECIFIC GRAVITY (20/20℃)	ASTM D – 891	–	ASTM D – 891
COLOR	ASTM E – 1209	Pt-co	10 MAX.
DISTILLATION @ 760 MM-Hg	ASTM D – 1078	℃	242 MIN.
IBP	ASTM D – 1078	℃	250 MAX.
DP	ASTM D – 1078	℃	250 MAX.