Introduction

Diethanolamine (DEA) is a versatile organic chemical compound with the formula HN(CH₂CH₂OH)₂. Combining the properties of both amines and alcohols, DEA is a colorless, viscous liquid with a slight ammonia-like odor. Its unique chemical structure makes it an essential intermediate for a wide range of industrial, personal care, and chemical applications.

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What is Diethanolamine (DEA)?

DEA is a secondary amine and a diol, meaning it contains two hydroxyl (-OH) groups attached to a nitrogen atom. Its chemical structure allows it to act as a base, an emulsifier, and a reactant in many chemical processes.

Basic Information:

• Chemical Formula: C₄H₁₁NO₂

• Molecular Weight: 105.14 g/mol

• IUPAC Name: 2,2′-Iminodiethanol

Physical Properties:

• Colorless to pale yellow viscous liquid

• Melting Point: 28 °C | Boiling Point: 268 °C

• Density: 1.097 g/cm³ at 20 °C

• Miscible with water, alcohol, and acetone

• Slight ammonia-like odor

Chemical Properties:

• Weak base, reacts with acids to form salts

• Participates in esterification and amidation reactions

• Versatile intermediate due to amine and hydroxyl groups

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Applications of Diethanolamine (DEA)

DEA is used across multiple industries due to its chemical versatility.

1. Surfactants and Detergents:

• Foaming Agents: Used to produce surfactants like DEA lauryl sulfate in shampoos, liquid soaps, and bubble baths.

• Emulsifiers: Stabilize emulsions in cleaning products for consistent performance.

2. Personal Care Products:

• Adjusts pH and improves viscosity in shampoos, conditioners, lotions, and creams.

3. Gas Treatment:

• Removes acidic gases like CO₂ and H₂S from natural and refinery gas streams.

4. Textile Processing:

• Acts as a softening agent and dye dispersant, improving fabric feel and color uniformity.

5. Pharmaceuticals:

• Intermediate for drug synthesis and used to enhance solubility in medicinal formulations.

6. Agriculture:

• Enhances the effectiveness and stability of herbicides, pesticides, and fertilizers.

7. Corrosion Inhibition:

• Protects metals in metalworking fluids and boilers from rust and corrosion.

8. Concrete Additives & Lubricants:

• Grinding aid in cement production and performance enhancer in lubricants.

9. Polyurethane Foams:

• Functions as a catalyst in producing flexible and rigid foams for furniture, insulation, and automotive uses.

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Comparison of TEA, MEA, and DEA

Diethanolamine (DEA), Triethanolamine (TEA), and Monoethanolamine (MEA) are closely related ethanolamines, each with unique applications:

Insight: Choosing the right ethanolamine depends on the specific industrial requirement. DEA is often preferred in personal care, pharmaceuticals, and corrosion prevention, whereas MEA excels in gas treatment, and TEA is common in the textile and cement industries.

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Toxicity and Safety

Although DEA is highly useful, it must be handled with care:

• Skin & Eye Irritation: Can cause burns and dermatitis; eye exposure may lead to permanent damage.

• Respiratory Issues: Vapors or aerosols may irritate the respiratory tract.

• Chronic Exposure: Prolonged contact is linked to liver and kidney damage; potential carcinogen via nitrosamine formation.

Safety Measures:

• Use PPE: gloves, goggles, protective clothing, and respiratory protection.

• Ensure proper ventilation in handling areas.

• Store in a cool, well-ventilated space away from acids, oxidizers, and reactive materials.

• Follow spill and emergency procedures according to SDS guidelines.

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Packing and Container Loading

DEA is typically supplied in bulk or specialized containers to meet industrial transport requirements:

• Bulk Storage: Seagoing vessels, barges, flexitank cars, iso tanks, and road tankers.

• Container Loading: Bulk DEA can be safely loaded into containers for shipment. Care is taken to prevent contamination, leaks, and exposure to heat or incompatible substances.

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Environmental Impact

• Aquatic Toxicity: DEA can harm aquatic life; prevent it from entering waterways.

• Biodegradability: While biodegradable, DEA disposal must follow regulations to avoid environmental hazards.

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Technical Data Sheet of Diethanolamine (DEA)

 

Technical Data Sheet of Diethanolamine (DEA)