Introduction

Caustic soda, which is chemically known as sodium hydroxide, is one of the important building blocks in the industry of chemicals. Known for its highly alkaline nature and intense reactivity, caustic soda has a wide field of applications. From chemical manufacturing to water treatment, household cleaning products, and so on, its versatility makes it indispensable. With its caustic properties, the efficiency of many applications ranging from bulk industrial processes to common household practices places it at a critical importance level.

Properties of Caustic Soda Flakes and Liquid

Caustic Soda Flakes

1. Physical Appearance:
   • White, solid, crystalline flakes.
   • Highly hygroscopic (readily absorbs moisture from the air).
2. Purity:
   • Typically available in purity levels of 98-99%.
3. Melting Point:
   • Approximately 318°C (604°F).
4. Solubility:
   • Easily soluble in water, releasing a significant amount of heat (exothermic reaction).
5. Density:
   • About 2.13 g/cm³.
6. Storage and Handling:
   • Requires airtight containers to prevent moisture absorption and clumping.
   • Non-volatile, making it easier to store and transport compared to liquid.
7. Reactivity:
   • Reacts vigorously with water, acids, and certain metals like aluminum and zinc.
   • Generates heat when dissolved or reacted, which may cause burns.

---

Caustic Soda Liquid

1. Physical Appearance:
   • Clear, colorless to slightly cloudy solution.
   • Available in concentrations typically ranging from 30% to 50%.
2. Density:
   • Varies depending on concentration but is generally around 1.32 g/cm³ for a 50% solution.
3. pH:
   • Extremely high alkalinity, with a pH of 13-14 for concentrated solutions.
4. Viscosity:
   • Low viscosity, similar to water but increases with higher concentrations.
5. Boiling and Freezing Points:
   • Boiling point: Approximately 145°C (for a 50% solution).
   • Freezing point: Varies with concentration but can range from 12°C to below -10°C.
6. Storage and Handling:
   • Stored in corrosion-resistant containers (e.g., polyethylene or lined steel).
   • Requires precautions against spillage as it can corrode many materials.
7. Reactivity:
   • Highly reactive, especially when mixed with acids or organic compounds.

production process

The most widely used method for producing caustic soda is the chlor-alkali process, which involves the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution (NaCl). This efficient process simultaneously generates caustic soda, chlorine gas (Cl₂), and hydrogen gas (H₂).

Process Overview:

1. Brine Preparation: Salt is dissolved in water to create a brine solution.
2. Electrolysis: The brine is electrolyzed in specialized cells—either diaphragm or membrane cells.
3. Chemical Reactions:
   • Sodium ions at the cathode combine with water to form sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
   • Chlorine gas is released at the anode.
   • Hydrogen gas is liberated at the cathode.

Reaction Equation:

$\text{2NaCl + 2H₂O → 2NaOH + Cl₂ + H₂}$

Various grades of Caustic Soda

Technical Grade

• This grade normally has 95-98% purity and is utilized for industrial purposes, such as the manufacture of soap and detergent. It is also utilized in several chemical manufacturing processes and cleaning applications. Its relatively lower purity makes it economical in processes that are not sensitive.

Food Grade

• Food-grade caustic soda has at least 99% purity, and it meets FDA standards for use in food processing, such as peeling fruits and vegetables, producing cocoa, etc. Its high purity ensures no contamination, thus making it safe for applications related to food.

Pharmaceutical Grade

• The pharmaceutical-grade caustic soda has a purity of more than 99.5% and finds its extensive application in pharmaceutical manufacturing. It is used in drug synthesis and formulation, thus guaranteeing safety and precision during the manufacturing of high-quality medical products. It follows very strict safety standards.

Industrial Grade

• Industrial caustic soda ranges between 50-75% concentration and is utilized in large-scale manufacturing, such as the manufacture of chemicals, textiles, and paper. This is not suitable for food or pharmaceuticals but does a decent job in industrial cleaning and chemical processes where lower purities are acceptable.

Anhydrous Grade

 

• Anhydrous caustic soda is highly concentrated and contains no water. It’s used in specialized chemical processes where moisture is unwanted, such as producing fine chemicals and polymers. Its high purity makes it ideal for precise applications that require moisture control.

Applications and uses of caustic soda

Effective Cleaning Agent:

Sodium hydroxide is an excellent degreaser and remover of oils and organic matter; thus, the product finds application in industrial cleaning agents, drain cleaners, and detergents. Having a high pH value, it dissolves and breaks down unyielding residues, further enhancing cleanliness and hygiene.

Key Role in Chemical Manufacturing:

It is a common feedstock in the production of chemicals. Sodium hydroxide is highly needed to produce and manufacture such goods as plastics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, and fertilizers among many more. Its strength in acid neutralization contributes a lot to its use in pH adjustment through some processes.

Water Treatment Benefits:

Sodium hydroxide remains among the commonly used chemicals in water treatment plants for various functions like pH correction, heavy metal removal, and acidity control. This improves the quality of the water to make it safe for both industrial and residential use.

Essential in Pulp and Paper Industry:

Caustic soda is indispensable in manufacturing processes, especially for the pulp and paper industries, as it degrades lignin in wood fibers during the manufacturing process of quality papers. This is very important in the paper industry for the manufacture of strong and durable products.

Food Industry Applications:

Caustic soda has applications in the food industry for peeling fruits and vegetables, processing chocolate and cocoa, and refining oils by removing impurities. These uses of sodium hydroxide in food processing give the industry an enormous edge in terms of efficiency and quality.

Textile and Dye Manufacturing:

Caustic soda in textiles works for scouring, dyeing, and bleaching; it improves the quality of fibers and allows brilliant colors in dyed fabrics. It also takes part in refining and processing synthetic fibers.

Energy Production and Biodiesel Manufacturing:

Sodium hydroxide also finds use in biodiesel production, providing the chemical ‘breaking down’ of such fats and oils into biodiesel and glycerin. It is used in refining petroleum to neutralize and remove sulfur compounds from crude oil, making the finished product have a higher quality and increased safety.

Safety Tips

Safety tips in handling caustic soda include putting on chemical-resistant gloves, goggles, and long-sleeved clothes that ensure minimal contact with the skin and eyes. Also, ventilation should be done in a well-ventilated area to minimize risks of inhalation, while storage should be kept in a cool, dry area away from acids and moisture.

Why Choose High-Quality Caustic Soda?

High-purity caustic soda from a reliable supplier is needed for the best performance and safety. For industrial and commercial purposes, the quality of caustic soda affects efficiency and effectiveness in its different uses.

---

Trust ZÜMRÜT International Kimya Co. for Premium Caustic Soda

ZÜMRÜT International Kimya Co. supplies top-grade caustic soda for various industries. Contact us today to learn how our products can meet your specific needs and enhance your processes.

conclusion

A fundamental building block chemical, caustic soda finds use in a wide range of sectors, including food, medicine, textiles, water treatment, and the chemical industry. Because of its adaptability and potent alkaline qualities, caustic is essential for a variety of industrial operations, ranging from large-scale to practical everyday uses. Purchasing premium caustic soda for your company from reputable vendors like ZÜMRÜT International Kimya Co. will guarantee maximum productivity, safety, and optimal outcomes. Get in touch with us right now to find out how our high-quality goods will help you achieve all of your goals and raise your production standards.

For more information about caustic soda products or to place an order, contact ZÜMRÜT International Kimya Co.